Abstract
Laposcopic surgery avoids major crises for intra-abdominal operations as required in normal open surgery. While laparoscopic techniques are used by the patient, the surgeon has new difficulties that were not present during open surgical procedures. However, limited literature has been published in essential aspects of movement such as magnification, amplitude and angle. For this reason, the current study aims to investigate essential movement manipulation characteristics of an instrument through the development of Fit and predictive movement instrument tasks. Ten materials on the right-hand side did tasks aimed at Fitts’ using a laparoscopic trainer. The experimental results showed significant differences between the three factors in movement and throughput. However, no significant differences in the rate of improvement for movement time and throughput between these three factors were observed. As expected, the movement time was quite variable and had a significant impact on the direction to the target. The traditional Fitts legal model was expanded by incorporating a guidance parameter into the model. The extended model was shown to be more suited to the data than the traditional model. These results showed a design direction for the laparoscopic surgical training program, and the projected model can be used to establish standards in the training procedure.
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Introduction
Laposcopic surgery, or minimal invasive surgery (MIS), is performed and is the best procedure for an increased number of treatments in recent years. In laparoscopic surgery, a surgeon performs a surgical operation by using instruments through three or more (ports) into the abdominal cavity (each hole has a diameter of about 10 mm) allowing a monitored telescope on a camera and two fines. introduce more tools to perform the operation in a similar manner to previous operation in open surgery. Due to these small trends, many benefits have been given to patients with laparoscopic surgery. Many well-designed clinical studies have proved objectively to reduce pain, shorter recovery time and stay in hospital, and reimbursement of earlier physiological markers. This new approach, compared to open surgery, requires additional spectrum of devices and technical support (lighting sources, camera, control unit, insulator, video screens, etc.). Therefore, laparoscopic surgery is of great benefit to the patient. However, it is necessary to have a high surgical skill by the surgeon who does the surgery.
While laparoscopic techniques are used by the patient, the surgeon has new difficulties that were not present during open surgical procedures. These difficulties include deeply understood weaknesses, the ability to develop mental health models of the anatomical environments, and the coordination. They also have more fatigue.
The view of the functional state of monitoring is widely separated from the field of action, so the surgeon must overcome the natural thing to focus the eyes on the activity of the hands. The two-dimensional view of a three-dimensional field must be interpreted and synchronized with the movement of an instrument. This loss of binocular information leads to hand-eye coordination and cognitive mapping.
Compared with open surgery, the depths in laparoscopic surgery are depreciated due to different characteristics of imaging technology. Firstly, the image of the camera is a two-dimensional image and there is no deep sense of bococular diversity. Inequalities are essential for judgments on relative depth and for performance at different distances. Secondly, the camera’s visual field image (FOV) provides much less than the full FOV that gives open surgery. In the context of laparoscopic surgery, surgeons reported that FOV was limited as a contributing factor to restrictions and difficulties. Thirdly, camera movement is limited because it is located in the patient’s abdominal wall. An assistant aims to keep the camera in a stop to prevent the surgeon’s of spatial, fatigue, and nausea.
When poor information is impoverished, as in laparoscopic surgery, surgeons need to “fill in” the missing information by developing mental models of the three-dimensional space from the images.
yes, with cognitive errors and workload. In short, laparoscopic surgery requires different visual skills and cognitive processing demands more than open surgery.
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